Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Background and objectives: Disability is a major public health problem in the developing countries. Yet studies and census reports from developing countries provide insufficient information on disability profiles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess occurrence, patterns and socio-demographic correlates of disability in selected rural settings in Nigeria. Materials and methods: This house to house cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 residents in Moro and Edunabon communities in Ife North Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. Disability was classified according to the World Health Organization International classification with criteria based on functional limitation. Households were considered as the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analysis of the data obtained. The alpha level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The total occurrence of disability was 16%. Visual disability was the most prevalent (6%) and it was significantly associated with age (χ2=11.702; p= 0.010). The recorded locomotor, mental, speech and hearing disabilities constituted 5%, 2%, 1% and 2% respectively of the total population surveyed. The overall occurrence was found to be higher among males and the middle-aged group (31-50) and significantly correlated with low socioeconomic status. There was a significant association between visual impairment and age (χ 2=11.702; p= 0.010); hearing disability and marital status (χ2=21.747; p= 0.003); as well as mental disability and marital status (χ2=21.747; p= 0.003). Conclusion: A high occurrence of disability was identified among rural residents in Nigeria, especially among males, those with low socio-economic status, those educated up to secondary school, unemployed and married partners. Visual disability, followed by locomotor disability, is the most common type. It is related to age, while marital status significantly correlates with hearing and mental disability.
Bibliografia
Violence, injuries and disability: biennial report 2008-2009. Geneva: WHO, 2010
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. United Nations, 2006. http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf
Sonpal D., Hiranandani V. Emancipating the Lives of Persons with Disabilities: Potential for Contributions by Disability Studies. In: Mehrotra N. (ed.) Disability Studies in India. Singapore: Springer, 2020, pp. 223–241.
Swartz L., MacLachlan M. From the local to the global: The many contexts of disability and international development. In: MacLachlan M., Swartz L. (eds.) Disability & international development. New York: Springer, 2009, pp. 1–11.
World report on disability. Geneva: WHO, 2011. worldbank.org/INTLAWJUSTICE/Resources/LDWP1_Disability.
Ubani O. J., Madumere K., Ugwu L. N. Accessibility and Housing Needs of Paraplegics in Enugu City, Nigeria. Civil and Environmental Research 2013; 3(1): 17–25.
Hästbacka E., Nygård M., Nyqvist F. Barriers and facilitators to societal participation of people with disabilities: A scoping review of studies concerning European countries. Alter 2016; 10(3): 201–220.
Akyurek G., Bumin G. Community participation in people with disabilities. Occupational therapy-occupation focused holistic practice in rehabilitation. Croatia: Intech, 2017, pp. 81-107.
Carroll P., Witten K., Calder-Dawe O., Smith M., Kearns R., Asiasiga L., Mavoa S. Enabling participation for disabled young people: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2018; 18(1): 1–11.
Jemtå L., Dahl M., Nordahl G., Fugl‐Meyer K. S. Coping strategies among Swedish children and adolescents with mobility impairment in relation to demographic data, disability characteristics and well‐being. Acta Paediatrica 2007; 96(8): 1184–1189.
Okoye U. O. Support systems and coping strategies available to physically-challenged students in University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Educational Research 2010; 1(11): 666–671.
Gobbens R. J. Associations of ADL and IADL disability with physical and mental dimensions of quality of life in people aged 75 years and older. Peer J 2018; 6: e5425.
Nze E. NPC Lacks Data on Persons with Disabilities-Chair. Centre for Citizens with Disabilities. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
Mental Health Evidence, & Research Team. Mental health atlas. Department of Mental Health, Substance Abuse, WHO. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.
Abiodun O. E., Olaonipekun O. O., Olatunde O. M., Adewale A. A., Daniel O. D., Sunday A. E. Investigation of Radon Concentration in the Soil in Oduduwa University, Ile-Ife Osun State. Social Sciences (CMSS) 2018; 7(30.144): E004-27.
International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps: a manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease, published in accordance with resolution WHA29. 35 of the Twenty-ninth World Health Assembly, May 1976. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1980.
A Report on Disabled Persons. National Sample Survey Organization. New Delhi: Department of Statistics, Government of India, 2003.
Borker S., Motghare D. D., Venugopalan P. P., Kulkarni M. S. Study of occurrence and types of disabilities at rural health centre Mandur–A community based cross sectional house to house study in rural Goa. IJPMR 2008; 19(2): 56–60.
Ustun T. B., Chatterji S., Kostanjsek N., Rehm J., Kennedy C., Epping-Jordan J., Saxena S., von Korff M., Pull C. Developing the World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2010; 88(11): 815–823.
Borah B. J. A mixed logit model of health care provider choice: Analysis of NSS data for rural India. Health Economics 2006; 15(9): 915–932.
Violence, injuries and disability biennial report, 2006-2007. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.
Ganesh K. S., Das A., Shashi J. S. Epidemiology of disability in a rural community of Karnataka. Indian Journal of Public Health 2008; 52(3): 125–129.
Mahmood S. E., Singh A., Zaidi Z. H. Disability in the rural areas of Bareilly, India. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research 2015; 8(2): 115-119.
Loeb M. E., Eide A. H., Mont D. Approaching the measurement of disability occurrence: the case of Zambia. Alter 2008; 2(1): 32–43.
Rietschlin J., MacKenzie A. Variation in disability rates in Statistics Canada national surveys: Building policy on a slippery foundation. Statistics Canada International Symposium Series–Proceedings 2004
Kumar R., Dhar A., Agarwal A. K. An epidemiological study of disability in rural India. Indian Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation 1992; 6: 69–74.
Pitts D. G. Visual acuity as a function of age. Journal of the American Optometric Association 1982; 53(2): 117–124.
World Bank. World Report on Disability. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011. http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report.pdf
Mitra S., Sambamoorthi U. Disability occurrence among adults: Estimates for 54 countries and progress toward a global estimate. Disability and Rehabilitation 2014; 36(11): 940–947.
Joshi K., Kumar R., Avasthi A. Morbidity profile and its relationship with disability and psychological distress among elderly people in Northern India. International Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 32: 978–987.
Venkatarao T., Ezhil R., Jabbar S., Ramkrishnam R. Occurrence of disability and handicaps in geriatric population in rural south India. Indian Journal of Public Health 2005; 49(1): 11–7.
Melzer D., McWilliams B., Brayne C., Johnson T., Bond J. Socioeconomic status and the expectation of disability in old age: estimates for England. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2000; 54(4): 286–292.
Siordia C. Disability occurrence according to a class, race, and sex (CSR) hypothesis. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 2015; 2(3): 303–310.
Mishra K., Siddharth V., Bhardwaj P., Elhence A., Jalan D., Raghav P., Mahmood S. E. The occurrence pattern of locomotor disability and its impact on mobility, self-care, and interpersonal skills in rural areas of Jodhpur District. Nigerian Medical Journal: Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association 2019; 60(3): 156–160.
Cruickshanks K. J., Wiley T. L., Tweed T. S., Klein B. E., Klein R., Mares-Perlman J. A., Nondahl D. M. Occurrence of hearing loss in older adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin: The epidemiology of hearing loss study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1998; 148(9): 879–886.
Sorri M., Jounio-Ervasti K., Uimonen S., Huttunen K. Will hearing healthcare be affordable in the new millennium. Scandinavian Audiology 2001; 30(3): 203–204.
Davis L. J. Enforcing normalcy: Disability, deafness, and the body. London: Verso, 1995.
Idstad M., Ask H., Engdahl B. L. Marriage and cohabiting rates among people with childhood sensorineural loss in a large Norwegian cohort: results from the SHINT and HUNT study. International Journal of Audiology 2020; 59(9): 661–665.
Sharma S., Raina S. K., Bhardwaj A. K., Chaudhary S., Kashyap V., Chander V. Prevalence of mental retardation in urban and rural populations of the goiter zone in Northwest India. India Journal of Public Health 2016; 60 (2): 131–137.
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/about-us.htm
Choi H., Marks N. F. Marital conflict, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment. Journal of Marriage and Family 2008; 70(2): 377–390.
Srivastava A. Marriage as a perceived panacea to mental illness in India: Reality check. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2013; 55(Suppl 2): S239.
Lapate R. C., Van Reekum C. M., Schaefer S. M., Greischar L. L., Norris C. J., Bachhuber D. R., Ryff C. D., Davidson R. J. Prolonged marital stress is associated with short‐lived responses to positive stimuli. Psychophysiology 2014; 51(6): 499–509.
Dominian J. Marriage and psychiatric illness. BMJ 1979; 2: 854–855.
Rao T. S. S., Nambi S., Chandrashekhar H. Marriage, mental health and Indian legislation. Psychiatry 2009; 51: 113–128.
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.
Copyright (c) 2021 Array